ARROWING: the neurophysiological reactions that accompany emotions

Blushing in the face may accompany emotional reactions of embarrassment, shame or anger. But it can also be observed in those who are performing demanding physical exertion, in those who are sexually aroused, or in many other situations unrelated to primary and secondary emotions.

This is therefore not specific to a single emotion. The main triggers that cause blushing can sometimes be ascribed to the sphere of interpersonal relationships: someone who is the centre of attention in a group, or perhaps is forced to speak in public, or is in a place where he or she does not know anyone and is forced to interact verbally with someone, may blush in the face.

The blushing is not specific to a single emotion.

The blush may show on the face, ears or neck, and this may become an additional source of embarrassment for the person blushing (an endless vicious circle is created: ’embarrassment of publicly showing embarrassment’).

At a neurophysiological level, blushing is caused by a sudden activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System, which dilates small blood vessels in the face and body.

We should always consider the fact that when we notice a person blushing in the face, we are never sure why they are blushing and what kind of emotion they may be feeling: it is always a good idea to investigate this through the use of targeted questions that probe their emotions and cognition, in an appropriate and effective manner.

Diego Ingrassia